![]() We'll start with a scene one metre wide, viewed from one metre away, and every 10 seconds, we're going to move out to 10 times further away, so the scene will be 10 times wider. Though this time, we're on the island of Sicily in Italy, rather than Lake Michigan. Over 40 years later, as a humble homage to this groundbreaking film, we're going to take a similar journey through time and space and see how our understanding has changed along the way. It took the viewers on a journey from a picnic blanket near Lake Michigan to the edge of the known Universe, and back again. CAPTION: HOW BIG IS OUR UNIVERSE? MADE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY BRIAN COX: In 1977, Charles and Ray Eames, hugely influential American designers, released one of the most elegant and creative pieces of science communication of modern times Powers of Ten. Trying to explain it in a way that's easy to understand, well that's a whole other challenge. ![]() You have the basics of exponents when we're dealing with 10, and I know what you were thinking.Made with academic consultant Professor Andrew Norton, Professor of Astrophysics Education, The Open University PROFESSOR BRIAN COX: Trying to comprehend how big the Universe is is one of those questions that astrophysicists grapple with all the time. So 10 times 10 times 10 times 10 times 10. We're going to take five 10s and multiply them together. Up to you on the street and say what is 10 to the fifth power? What is that? What number that you're probably familiar with would this be? Well this would mean that Well as you might have imagined, we were taking 10 10s and Write it using exponents? Pause the video and figure that out. ![]() Number here, 10 billion? What's a way that we could If you ever saw 10 to the third power, that means hey, let me We would read this asġ0 to the third power. Might have imagined, we're taking a certain number of 10s and we see we're taking three 10s and we're multiplying them together. Times 10 times 10 or 1000? How would you write that using exponents? Pause this video and see So 10 to the second power is 10 times 10 is equal to 100. Some of the parts of this, the two would be called the exponent and the 10 would be the base. That looks fancy, but all that means is let's take two 10s and multiply them together and we're going to get 100. Multiplying them together, I could write this as 10 to the second power. And so 10 times 10, we can rewrite as being equal to, if I have two 10s and I'm So the way they do this is through something known as exponents. To write things like this a little bit more elegantly. So mathematicians haveĬome up with a notation and some ideas to be able Kinda hard to write, and imagine if we have 30 10s that we were multiplying together. This right over here is 10 billion, and it's already getting ![]() ![]() We put the commas there so it's just a little bit easier to read. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10. It's going to be oneįollowed by 10 zeroes. This is going to be equal to, even the number that it's equal to is going to be quite hard to write. Let's see, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10. That's four, that's five, that's six, that's seven, that's eight, that's nine, that is 10 10s. So if I were to go 10 times 10 times 10 times 10, But at some point, if I'mĭoing this with enough 10s, it gets pretty hard to write. Multiply them together, so 10 times 10, which In this video, I'm going to introduce you to a new type of mathematical notation that will seem fancy at first, but hopefully you'llĪppreciate is pretty useful and also pretty straightforward. ![]()
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